A groundbreaking study published in *Neurology* reveals a significant link between chronic insomnia and an increased risk of cognitive decline, including dementia. The research, conducted by Dr. Diego Carvalho and his team at the Mayo Clinic, followed 2,750 participants over five years, monitoring their sleep habits and conducting neurological assessments and brain imaging. The results showed a staggering 40% increased risk of cognitive impairment in individuals with chronic insomnia.
This finding emphasizes the importance of addressing insomnia, not just for immediate relief from fatigue, but also for long-term brain health. Unlike many factors contributing to cognitive health, insomnia is a modifiable risk factor. The study showed that individuals who actively improved their sleep through increased sleep time or medication did not experience the same detrimental cognitive effects.
"The key takeaway is that chronic insomnia is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline," explains Dr. Carvalho. This doesn't mean that treating insomnia guarantees prevention of dementia, but it strongly suggests a significant potential benefit. Dr. Rachel Salas, professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, underscores the importance of quality sleep for optimal brain function. Sleep is crucial for clearing brain waste, including proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease, and for memory consolidation, emotional regulation, and overall brain recovery.
While insomnia is incredibly common, particularly amongst individuals over 65, it's often overlooked or dismissed as a normal part of aging. However, persistent difficulty falling asleep, maintaining sleep, daytime fatigue, mood swings, and cognitive problems are not natural consequences of aging. The underreporting and undertreatment of insomnia are significant concerns, contributing to its often-overlooked impact on long-term health.
Fortunately, effective treatment is available. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a primary treatment option. CBT-I is not simply talk therapy; it provides a structured approach, offering tools and guidance to identify and address the underlying issues contributing to insomnia. Simple lifestyle changes can also greatly improve sleep quality. These include establishing a consistent sleep schedule, practicing relaxation techniques before bed, creating a dark, quiet, and cool sleep environment, limiting screen time before bed, reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, getting regular exercise, and avoiding excessive time in bed while awake.
If behavioral modifications fail to alleviate insomnia, consulting a doctor or sleep specialist is essential. While medication may be necessary in some cases, it should be considered as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes behavioral interventions. Addressing insomnia offers a potential pathway to improving quality of life and protecting against the devastating effects of cognitive decline. Prioritizing sleep is an investment in your present and future health.
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Originally published at: https://edition.cnn.com/2025/09/11/health/insomnia-dementia-study-wellness
