The remarkable life of Maria Branyas Morera, who lived to the age of 117, has yielded invaluable insights into the biology of extreme longevity. A comprehensive study conducted by researchers at the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute in Barcelona analyzed various biological samples from Branyas, collected a year before her death, to unravel the secrets behind her exceptional lifespan. The research team delved into her genetics, examining gene expression patterns and identifying specific gene variants that may have contributed to her health and longevity. While her cells showed clear markers of advanced age, including exceptionally short telomeres and age-related immune system changes, she exhibited remarkable resilience against age-related diseases.
Interestingly, the study revealed that Branyas possessed gene variants that offered protection against heart and brain diseases, and dementia. She also maintained low levels of inflammation, a significant risk factor for many age-related illnesses such as cancer and diabetes. Her cholesterol and fat metabolism were also highly efficient. These factors combined to significantly mitigate the typical health challenges associated with advanced age. Furthermore, epigenetic clocks, which assess biological age based on gene expression patterns, indicated Branyas's biological age was at least 10 to 15 years younger than her chronological age. Her gut microbiome, remarkably youthful for her age, displayed high levels of beneficial Bifidobacterium.
However, genetics wasn't the sole contributor to her longevity. Branyas maintained a healthy lifestyle, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, while enjoying a balanced diet that included regular yogurt consumption. Her active social life and strong family connections also played a crucial role. Dr. Manel Esteller, lead researcher, emphasized the significance of this holistic approach, highlighting that while genetics provides a strong foundation, lifestyle choices significantly impact overall health and longevity.
This groundbreaking research offers invaluable insights into potential avenues for developing treatments to promote healthy aging. By understanding the genetic and lifestyle factors contributing to exceptional lifespans, scientists can explore new therapeutic strategies to improve the health and well-being of individuals as they age. As Prof João Pedro de Magalhães of the University of Birmingham notes, identifying genes associated with extreme longevity could uncover crucial mechanisms of aging, leading to the development of interventions to extend healthy lifespans for all.
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Originally published at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/sep/24/supercentenarian-gives-scientists-insight-on-secrets-of-healthy-old-age
