The quest for understanding human longevity took a significant step forward with the analysis of Maria Branyas's genome. This remarkable woman, who lived to the age of 117, provided scientists with a unique opportunity to explore the genetic factors contributing to exceptional lifespan. Researchers from the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute in Barcelona examined blood, saliva, urine, and stool samples collected before her passing in 2024, revealing a surprisingly youthful genomic profile.
Analysis revealed that Branyas possessed several rare genetic variants linked to longevity, robust immune function, and cardiovascular and brain health. Her cells exhibited characteristics indicative of a much younger biological age than her chronological age, exceeding the average life expectancy for women in Catalonia by over 30 years. This was further supported by her exceptionally good health throughout her later years, characterized by strong cardiovascular health, minimal inflammation, and a healthy gut microbiome and immune system, all displaying markers comparable to much younger individuals. Her lipid profile also stood out, showing remarkably low levels of 'bad' cholesterol and triglycerides, and significantly high levels of 'good' cholesterol.
While her active lifestyle and Mediterranean diet likely played a role, her genetics played a significant part. Intriguingly, Branyas showed a considerable shortening of her telomeres – protective caps on chromosomes associated with aging. While typically linked to increased mortality risk, recent research suggests that in supercentenarians, very short telomeres might offer a protective effect against cancer proliferation by limiting the lifespan of cells.
This case study, while limited to a single individual, challenges the traditional association between advanced age and poor health. The researchers, led by epigeneticists Eloy Santos-Pujol and Aleix Noguera-Castells, emphasize the need for larger studies to validate these findings. However, this exceptional case provides valuable insights into potential biomarkers for healthy aging and offers promising avenues for future research into extending human lifespan. The study's publication in Cell Reports Medicine underscores its importance in the field of gerontology, adding to our understanding of the complex interplay between genetics and environmental factors in determining human longevity. As the centenarian population grows rapidly, unraveling the secrets of extreme longevity becomes increasingly crucial.
---
Originally published at: https://www.sciencealert.com/dna-study-of-117-year-old-woman-reveals-clues-to-a-long-life
