The 2025 COVID-19 vaccine rollout presents a different landscape than previous years. The FDA's narrowed approval criteria, limiting eligibility primarily to those 65 and older or individuals at high risk of severe illness, has made accessing the booster shot more challenging. This shift from prior years, when vaccines were widely available to most age groups, has raised questions and concerns among the public.
This change in policy stems from the belief that many healthy younger individuals possess sufficient immunity from previous infections or vaccinations, rendering annual boosters less necessary. However, this stance is debated; many medical professionals continue to advocate for broader vaccination to mitigate severe illness and reduce transmission to vulnerable populations.
So, what does this mean for you?
Finding a Vaccine: Previously, obtaining a COVID-19 vaccine was a straightforward process; a simple trip to a local pharmacy often sufficed. Now, navigating the process might require more effort. If you don't fall within the FDA's defined high-risk categories, you may be turned away from some locations. Many pharmacies permit self-attestation of eligibility; you simply state you meet the criteria. However, some locations may still require a doctor's prescription.
Eligibility Criteria: The CDC provides detailed guidelines outlining risk factors for severe COVID-19, which include age (65+), ethnicity/race, disabilities, and a range of specific health conditions. An estimated 100-200 million Americans meet these criteria. Even pregnancy is listed as a risk factor, despite the CDC not routinely recommending vaccination for pregnant women—a point of ongoing discussion among healthcare professionals and insurance providers.
Pediatric Vaccinations: COVID-19 vaccines are available for children, but only those with risk factors for severe complications. Only Moderna's vaccine is approved for children as young as six months old, a significant difference from previous years. Parents of younger, healthy children may require a prescription for vaccination. The lack of approved vaccines for newborns remains a concern, highlighting the importance of maternal vaccination to provide passive immunity to infants.
Vaccine Availability and Cost: While vaccine manufacturers maintain ample supply, vaccine distribution may vary. Some healthcare providers may choose not to stock the vaccine due to perceived low demand. Major pharmacy chains, such as CVS and Walgreens, provide online tools to locate and schedule appointments. Pfizer and Moderna also offer their vaccine finders. Insurance coverage is uncertain until the CDC issues updated recommendations, although some insurers are currently covering costs. For those without insurance, the cost can range from $150 to $200.
Upcoming CDC Recommendations: The CDC's advisory committee will meet on September 18-19 to review and likely issue updated recommendations regarding vaccine eligibility. These recommendations will influence several key aspects: pharmacist administration in various states, and free vaccine access through the federal Vaccines for Children program. The resulting impact on vaccine accessibility remains to be seen, dependent on the committee's final decisions and the CDC Director's approval.
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Originally published at: https://www.npr.org/2025/09/13/nx-s1-5540088/covid-vaccine-2025-cdc-fda-guidelines
